Effective rabbit breeding and fur farming

DETERMINATION OF THE PRODUCTIVE EFFECT OF A COMPLETE RATION COMPOUND FEED, BALANCED ACCORDING TO INDIVIDUAL AVAILABLE AMINO ACIDS, ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF RABBITS

Oleksiy Honchar — 2024-03-01

The productive effect of a complete ration compound feed, balanced
according to international standards for individual available amino acids, on the
growth, development and functional state of the organism during the cultivation of
repair young rabbits was determined. Animals of the control (I) group were fed
granulated complete ration compound feed, in which the indicators of the content
of the main available amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) were not
taken into account during rationing, and the analogues of the experimental group
(II) - taking into account these factors - approximated in terms of nutrition. It was
established that the average live weight of animals in the control (I) group was
968.9 g, in the experimental (II) group - 965.7 g (difference 0.32%), and at the end
of the experiment - 2480.4 g and 2446.4 g , respectively (the difference of 1.39% is
statistically improbable). The absolute increase in live weight of animals was: in
the I-group - 1511.5 g, in the II-group - 1480.7 g (the difference - 2.08% is not
statistically probable). A similar trend was observed in terms of relative growth -
157.3% and 153.5%, respectively (a difference of 3.8%). When determining feed
costs, it was established that during the entire period of the experiment, per 1
head. 8.59 kg of combined feed was fed in the experimental group and 8.51 kg in
the control group (difference 0.93%), the average daily consumption was 179.0 g
and 177.3 g, respectively. Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain of young animals
were: in the II-group – 5.80 kg and in the I-group – 5.63 kg (difference – 0.17 kg
or 2.93%). The waist width of both groups of rabbits was 5.3 cm on average, and
the index of the comprehensive assessment of the young was 214.9 in the control
group and 211.0 in the experimental group; the difference was equal to 3.9 or
1.85% and was not probable. Thus, repair females of both groups during the
growth period from 42 to 90 days did not significantly differ among themselves in
terms of these parameters. Average pre-slaughter live weight 1 head. in the
experimental group it was 2461.3 g, and in the control group - 2457.5 g (difference
0.16%), the slaughter weight of the carcass was 1407.5 g and 1405.3 g (difference0.16%), respectively, the slaughter yield of the carcass in both groups – 57.2%, as
well as carcass length – 27.4 cm and 27.3 cm (difference 0.37%). The difference
between the groups according to all the above-mentioned indicators is statistically
improbable. No significant probable difference was found between the groups of
analogues and when weighing their internal organs. So, in particular, the weight
of the liver in the experimental group of animals was 56.8 g, in the control group -
57.0 g (difference 0.35%), kidneys - 16.5 g and 16.3 g, respectively (difference
1.21%), hearts - 6.5 g and 6.8 g (difference 4.62%), lungs – 14.0 g and 13.8 g
(difference 1.43%), as well as the total weight of skin 375.3 g and 373.0 g (a
difference of 0.61%). When measuring individual indicators of the linear
development of genital organs of repair females, it was established that the
average length of the double uterus in the II-group equaled 5.8 cm, and in the I-
group - 5.9 cm (difference - 1.72%) ; the average width of the uterus in both
groups was 1.3 cm. Thus, no significant difference was found between the groups
of analogues in these parameters as well. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of
full-rational granulated compound feed, developed according to international
standards, taking into account the rationing according to the content of individual
available amino acids, allows to reduce the content of crude protein in it - by
1.44%, as well as proportionally reduce the content of digestible energy - by
8.86% and crude fat - by 0.47%, which, in turn, helps to reduce the cost of feed
ingredients per 1 kg of live weight gain by 5.84%.

DEGREE OF IMPLEMENTATION AND VARIABILITY OF INDICATORS OF REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY BY MINKS OF DIFFERENT COLOR TYPES

Oleksandr Havrysh — 2024-03-01

According to the results of a retrospective analysis, a study of the indicators
of the reproductive capacity of minks of brown standard color, brown "wild" color,
and silver-blue color of the fur farm of the Limited Liability Company Cherkaska
Oblspozhivspilka of three generations (n = 1379 animals) was carried out, and the
peculiarities of variability and the nature of the inheritance of the studied
indicators in minks in a number of generations were determined.
The study of the fertility of mink females of different generations of different
color types indicates the variability of this indicator over the years in females. For
females of standard dark brown color, the fertility rate in minks of the original
stock was 7.87 heads per female. The results of female puppies in the next
generation were probably lower by 0.96 heads (p<0.001). In the third generation,
the fertility of females of this type of mink decreased by 1.29 heads (p<0.001).
For brown "wild" minks, the highest recorded rate of fecundity for this
particular group of animals was seven heads per female pup producer in the
second generation of minks. This indicator is 0.57 heads higher than the similar
indicator of the third-generation females and 0.35 heads higher than that of the
original stock females (p<0.05). Characterizing the fertility indicators of mink
females of these groups, it is worth noting that there was a tendency to increase the
variability of this indicator in females of subsequent generations, from 21.3 to
33.4% in females of standard dark brown color and from 19.5 to 31.7% in females
of brown "wild" color.
The analysis of fertility indicators in silver-blue mink in a number of
generations indicates an insignificant difference in the average values of the
investigated trait, which were within 6.12–6.28 heads. As in females of brown
"wild" color, the highest fecundity was registered in minks of the second
generation and the lowest in the descendants of the third; however, when
comparing the average values, no significant difference was established (p > 0.05).
The obtained data indicate relatively low heritability coefficients, regardless
of the mink genotype. For animals of standard color, this indicator was 0.20-0.24; for minks of the remaining groups, the established coefficients had slightly lower
values, which indicate a significant influence of paratypic factors on the course of
reproductive function.
A relatively high indicator of the share of influence (32%) was obtained for
the group of females of brown "wild" color. The minimum value of the influence of
the father was obtained for the group of minks of silver-blue color, where the value
of the strength of influence was registered at the mark of 6%; for minks of the
group of brown "wild" color, the corresponding value was equal to 10%.

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HORMONAL DRUGS ON INDICATORS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF FEMALES

Olga Vintoniv — 2024-03-01

The article provides information on the study of the degree of implementation of
indicators of reproductive capacity with the use of various hormonal drugs, research
and control groups of female rabbits of the California and silver breeds were formed
(n=150) and the indicators of reproductive ability of female rabbits were investigated
according to the research scheme.
The study of the effect of hormonal treatment on indicators of the reproductive
capacity of female rabbits was carried out in the conditions of an industrial-type rabbit
farm of the Cherkasy Research Station of Biological Resources of the National
Academy of Sciences using hormonal preparations for synchronizing sexual drive
"Foligon" and "Sergon 500", which were administered intramuscularly 72 hours
before artificial insemination in dosage 40 and 50 IU per 1 female rabbit, respectively,
and the drug "Surfagon" to activate the ovulation process in a dosage of 0.2 ml
immediately after insemination. The female rabbits of the control group were
additionally injected with the drug "Surfagon" after insemination by natural means to
increase reproductive capacity. The results of the study of the effect of hormonal drugs
on the indicators of the reproductive capacity of female rabbits of the California breed
indicate the superiority of the experimental groups over the control by 10.9-14.8% in
terms of the number of offspring obtained.
The use of the ultrasound scanner "ULTRA SKAN 45" provided by PRATC NPO
"Progress" made it possible to conduct an ultrasound study of the number of fetuses in
female rabbits on the 20th day after insemination. According to the obtained data, the
average indicator of the number of fruits was in the range of 8.7-10.8 fruits. When
comparing the average values of this indicator, a probable predominance of female
rabbits of groups D1 and D2 over the control was established (р<0.05...0.001). The
results of breeding testified that for female rabbits of the California breed, higher
indicators of multifertility were recorded for female rabbits of group D2 - 9.6 goals,
minimum - 7.31 in female rabbits of group K (р<0.001). For females of group D1, the
corresponding indicator was registered at the mark - 8.0 goals.

EXTERIOR AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLTAV SILVER BREED KINGS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH MEAT PRODUCTIVITY

Mykhailo Bashchenko — 2024-03-01

The results of the evaluation of the exterior type of Poltava silver rabbits are
given. It was established that rabbits of the Poltava silver breed belong to the
mesosomal body type: the beat index in females is 56.3%, and in males - 56.9%. In
terms of productivity, rabbits are characterized by increased fleshiness, they give
skins suitable for fur and felt production. The use of animals of the mesosomal
body type in further selection and breeding work will make it possible to improve the animal population according to such indicators as body size and reproductive
capacity.
A moderate inverse-proportional probable relationship between the waist
width and the weight of the female was established r =- 0,48 (p<0,01) and a male r
=- 0,45 (p<0,01); oblique rump length and weight of the female r =- 0,35
(p<0,05). An inversely proportional relation of the straight length of the torso is
established r =- 0,1, oblique length of the body r =- 0,1, chest width r =- 0,1, chest
depth, width in maklocks r =- 0,1 with the live weight of the female body; a weak
correlation dependence was noted with head length r = 0,1 and the width of the
head r = 0,1 with the body weight of the female, but the results are improbable.
Insignificant differences in correlation values were found in males compared
to females. An improbable inverse dependence of the straight length of the trunk
has been established r =- 0,2, chest girth r =- 0,2, oblique length of the back r =-
0,3 with the live weight of males of the Poltava silver breed. The connection of
weak oblique strength of the trunk length is noted r = 0,1, chest width r = 0,1, head
length r = 0,1 and head width r =- 0,3 with the weight of males.
Purposeful selection and selection of animals with better development of the
rear part of the body will contribute to the formation of an array with high
indicators of meat productivity. Preservation, consolidation and strengthening of
such a regularity in the offspring leads to improvement of constitution and
exterior, increase of productivity and precociousness.

PRODUCTIVE EFFECT OF STARTER COMBINED FEED ON REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF RABBITS

Igor Luchyn — 2024-03-01

Research was conducted on Poltava Silver rabbits on the basis of the
experimental rabbit farm of the Cherkasy Research Station of Bioresources, taking
into account world experience and using generally accepted methods. According to the experimental scheme, 20 heads of repair rabbits will be
selected for each of the groups at the age of 90 days. The preparatory period lasted
5 days, and the main one - 180 days (before the rabbits are weaned at the age of
28 days). The same combined feed was developed for both groups of females - for
female rabbits with a reproductive capacity of more than 50 rabbits during the
production year.
During the entire period of rearing of rabbits, the calculations showed that
feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain of rabbits in the control group amounted to
4.7 kg, and in the experimental group - 4.30 kg (difference - 70 g or 1.6%). Thus,
the animals of the experimental group had slightly lower growth rates than their
counterparts of the first group.
However, the rearing of repair rabbits proved that there was no significant
difference between the groups in terms of fattening indicators, only the
experimental group had a percentage of mated females of 95% compared to the
control group of 85%, prevailing by 10%.
Summarizes indicators: multiple fecundity, bone and large fecundity, nest
weight at birth. It was higher in female rabbits of the experimental group -
530±12.03g, in the control group - 500±11.0g, which is less by 30g with a
probability of p<0.05.
The second maternal indicator that directly affects the further fattening
capacity of young rabbits is milk yield (live weight of the nest at 20 days of age). It
was higher in female rabbits of the 2nd group compared to the 1st and was
2.64±0.05 (р<0.05) and prevailed by 150g.
The weight of the nest at weaning was probably (p<0.01) higher in female
rabbits of the experimental group (2nd group) - 5.55±0.11kg, which is 450g more
than the 1st.
It was established that the highest percentage of survival of rabbits when
weaned at 28 days of age was observed in female rabbits of the second research
group - 98.7%. The preservation of the nest until weaning was largely influenced
by the use of starter compound feed during intensive industrial breeding of female
rabbits, this indicator was manifested as a set of productive features.
The economic efficiency of the use of starter feed for repair rabbits at the age
of 18-42 days improves their reproductive qualities, they exceeded the female
rabbits of the control group in terms of net income by UAH 18. for one lap. For a
full year of production (8 litters), cash receipts from the use of starter feed per
female rabbit would increase by UAH 144.

ASSESS THE POTENTIAL OF USING ELECTROPHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND FEED FACTORS FOR EMISSION REDUCTION OF POLLUTANTS FROM THE KRILLCHATTO INTO THE ATMOSPHERE

Mykola Nebylytsia — 2024-03-01

The relevance of the work is determined by the need to determine the coefficients of
the daily emission of pollutants (PO) from small rabbit breeding facilities. The aim of the
work was to evaluate the potential of using bactericidal ultraviolet light and low-
concentration ozone (UVB+O3) in the working area of the rabbit house and humic acid
(Hа) feed additive to reduce the emission of pollutants into the outdoor air. Bibliographic,
physical, chemical, microbiological, Rbiometric and analytical research methods were used to fulfill the tasks. The research was carried out using rabbits of the Poltava silver
breed on the farm of the Cherkasy RSB of the National Academy of Sciences. The
experimental work was carried out in a brick room equipped with a supply and exhaust
ventilation system with a mechanical drive. Animals were kept in galvanized cage
batteries on a continuous concrete floor. The density of planting rabbits was 12.0-12.7
heads/m2. Studies have established the probable effect of action (UVB+O3) in the working
area of the rabbit house and feed additive Hk on reducing the emission rates of carbon
dioxide, ammonia and fine dust into the outside air. An exception was the indicator of
daily methane emissions from the rabbit hutch, which increased to 62.6%. The rate of
daily methane emission probably increased by 14.4-34.2%, also, when rabbits were fed
the feed additive Ha. Treatment of indoor air (UVB+O3) in the spring, summer and
autumn periods of the year probably ensured a decrease in the total microbial number of
CFU by 43.5-47.1% (p ≤ 0.05-0.01), calculated per 1m3 of indoor air the air of a rabbit
warren. A significant effect of action (UVB+O3) and feed additive Ha on the established
balance of intestinal microbial systems in rabbits was shown. As a result, the activation of
the methanogenic systems of microorganisms in experimental animals was manifested.
Average annual coefficients of daily emission of eleven pollutants and greenhouse gases
emitted into the atmosphere from the premises of a small rabbit breeding facility were
determined. Unlike Ukraine, a common agricultural policy is applied in the territory of
the European Union (EU) countries, thanks to which farmers receive financial support.
The goal of the policy is to preserve agricultural production as a source of basic food and
reduce its negative impact on the landscape and environment.

ECOLOGICAL CURATIVE LINIMENT FOR TREATMENT OF AURICULAR MANGE IN RABBITS

M. Caraman — 2024-03-01

Researches were conducted in the rabbit breeding farm of SRL "Sof Fest", v.
Maximovca and in the laboratory Methods of Combating and Prophylaxis of
Diseases from the Scientific and Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in
Zootechny and Veterinary Medicine. The research was carried out within the
project 20.80009.5107.12 Strengthening the "food-animal-production" chain by
using new feed resources, innovative methods and schemes of health care.
The following were served as research objects:the liniments EC 5.0%, LEC
2.5%, LEC 5.0%, Insectol spray, rabbits of breed Martini. The active substance,
used for the production of ecological curative liniment, is a preparation of water-
soluble enotanins, called Enoxil, which has a yellow-brown powder, soluble in
water and was obtained at the Institute of Chemistry from grape seeds in the
process of depolymerization of enotanins. As a raw material for obtaining
enotanins were chosen grape seeds of black Fraga variety.
The ecological curative liniment LEC 5.0% was obtained under laboratory
conditions by mixing 5 g of Enoxyl, 40 ml of glycerin and 60 ml of water. The EC
5.0% was obtained by mixing 5 g Enoxyl and 100 ml of coconut oil. The LEC 2.5%
was obtained by mixing 2.5 g Enoxyl, 40 ml of glycerin and 60 ml of water.
The aim of the experiment was to assess the therapeutic efficacy and the
optimal concentration of the ecological curative liniment used for the treatment of
auricular mange. For research, 15 females (at rest period) with severe disease of
both ears were selected. The treatment of auricular mange at rabbits was
performed with the ecological curative liniment EC 5.0%, LEC 2.5%, LEC 5.0%
and Insectol spray, in one go, by spraying the earlobe. The mechanism by which
the faster healing of wounds was achieved is explained by the fact that, after the
application of liniment EC 5.0%, LEC 5.0% and LEC 2.5% to the affected surface,
took place a formation of a pellicle with an anaerobic effect for mites; anti-
inflammatory, antibacterial and analgesic, inhibiting the intensity of inflammatory
processes and preventing secondary suppuration of the wound. For the treatment
of the auricular mange extended over the entire surface of the auricle, 3 sprays in each ear were sufficient, being equivalent respectively with 0.07euro/head of EC
5.0%, 0.03 euro/head of LEC 5.0% and 0.02 euro/head of LEC 2.5%. At the same
time, the liniment also had an emollient effect; the crusts peeled off without the
intervention of a veterinarian or operator. The liniment LEC 5.0% had a 100%
therapeutic efficacy and decreased the duration of treatment.

INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM CHLORIDE ON THE CLINICAL INDICATORS OF THE RABBIT ORGANISM

Ya. Lesyk — 2024-03-01

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of different amounts of
chromium chloride on the clinical parameters of the rabbit's body. Experiments on
rabbits of the gray giant breed were carried out in the summer period in the rabbit
farm of the village Demnya of the Mykolaiv district, Lviv region. Rabbits are kept in
cages according to the method of I. M. Mykhaylov with free access to feed and water.
The animals of the experimental groups received chromium chloride supplements with
compound feed in the following quantities: 1st experimental – 50 μg Cr(III)/kg
compound feed, II experimental – 100 μg Cr(III)/kg compound feed, III experimental –
150 μg Cr(III)/kg compound feed. In the preparatory period - on the 90th day and in
the experimental period - on the 118th, 139th and 174th days of life, the clinical
parameters of the rabbits' body were determined. Studies have established the most
pronounced influence of smaller (50 and 100 μg Cr(III)/kg compound feed) amounts of
chromium chloride on parameters of temperature, pulse and breathing in rabbits of the
I and II experimentals groups. Correlational changes were noted between the studied
parameters of the rabbits' body, which was more marked in the animals of the I and II
experimentals groups compared to the control.